Duk wani hadisi da yaci karo da ayar Qur'ani to ba fadar Annabi(saw) ba ne, don ba zai yiwu Allah da Annabi(saw) su samu sabani ba. Sam ba zai yiwu a samu karo tsakanin maganar Allah da ta Annabi Muhammad(saw).
Qur'ani ya tabbatar mana da cewa; Allah ya umarcemu da mu shafi kafar mu a Al-wala.
Allah(t) yana cewa;
ﻳَﺎ ﺃَﻳُّﻬَﺎ ﺍﻟَّﺬِﻳﻦَ ﺁﻣَﻨُﻮﺍ ﺇِﺫَﺍ ﻗُﻤْﺘُﻢْ ﺇِﻟَﻰ ﺍﻟﺼَّﻠَﺎﺓِ ﻓَﺎﻏْﺴِﻠُﻮﺍ ﻭُﺟُﻮﻫَﻜُﻢْ ﻭَﺃَﻳْﺪِﻳَﻜُﻢْ ﺇِﻟَﻰ ﺍﻟْﻤَﺮَﺍﻓِﻖِ ﻭَﺍﻣْﺴَﺤُﻮﺍ ﺑِﺮُﺀُﻭﺳِﻜُﻢْ ﻭَﺃَﺭْﺟُﻠَﻜُﻢْ ﺇِﻟَﻰﺍﻟْﻜَﻌْﺒَﻴْﻦِ ...
"Ya ku mutane! Idan kun tashi zuwa sallah, to ku wanke fuskarku da hannayenku zuwa murafikai; sannan ku shafi kanku da kafafunku zuwa ka'abai (saman kafa)".
(Qur'an : 5 : 6).
Doriya akan zahirin wannan ayar da ya tabbatar da shafar kafa a Al-wala shine daidai; akwai wasu hadisai ingantattu da malaman Ahlus-Sunnah suka nakalto; masu goyon bayan shafar kafa amadadin wankewa.
Babban malamin Ahlus-Sunnah; Ibn Abi Shaiba ya rawaito cewa; khalifa Usman Bin Affan ya ce; Annabi Muhammad(saw) shafar kafa ya keyi ba wankewa ba:
55 - ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ: ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ، ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ : ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﺑﺔ، ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ، ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ، ﻋﻦ ﺣﻤﺮﺍﻥ، ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄ ، ﺛﻢ ﺿﺤﻚ ، ﻓﻘﺎﻝ: ﺃﻻ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺃﺿﺤﻚ، ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ: ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ، ﻣﺎ ﺃﺿﺤﻜﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ(ﺹ) ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﺄﺕ، ﻓﻤﻀﻤﺾ ﻭﺇﺳﺘﻨﺸﻖ، ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺎً ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻪ، ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ.
- ﺇﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ - ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ - ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
Shima Khalifa Usman Bin Affan shafar kafarsa yake yi a Al-wala ba wankewa:
ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ : ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ، ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ: ﺳﻌﻴﺪ، ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ، ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ، ﻋﻦ ﺣﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺎﻥ، ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ: ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﺾ ﻭﺇﺳﺘﻨﺸﻖ ﺛﻢ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺎً ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺎً ﺛﻼﺛﺎً ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ...
- ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ - ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻨﺔ - ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ(ﺭ) - ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ : (319).
Ibn Hajar Al-askalani ya rawaito a Al-isaba, a tarjamar Tamim Bin Zaid, cewa Annabi(saw) shafar kafarsa yake a Al-wala:
ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺗﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ (ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ): "ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ: ﺗﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ (ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻪ) ﻭﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﻳﻤﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ. ﺭﺟﺎﻟﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ"
Ibn Hajar ya ce duk marawaitan masu gaskiya ne.
Imam Ali(as) shima ya tabbatar cewa Annabi(saw) shafar kafa ya keyi:
181 - ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ: ﻭﻛﻴﻊ، ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ، ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ، ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺧﻴﺮ، ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ(ﺹ) ﻣﺴﺢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻫﻤﺎ.
- ﺇﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ - ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ - ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ : (1) - ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ: (30).
Imam Ali yana cewa;
"Da ace musulunci ra'ayi ne to karkashin kafa ya kamata a Shafa ba kan kafa ba, amma naga Manzan Allah(saw) yana shafar kafarsa".
Ibn Abass ya ce; wajibi a Al-wala shine; wankewa 2 (wanke fuska da hannuwa) da shafa 2 (shafar kai da kafa), (kamar dai yanda zahirin ayar Al-wala ya zo dashi):
10432 - ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ: ﺃﺑﻮ ﻛﺮﻳﺐ، ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻲ، ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ، ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ، ﻋﻦ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ، ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ، ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻏﺴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺴﺤﺘﺎﻥ.
- ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﻱ - ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ - ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ : ( 6 ) - ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ : ( 175 )
Anas bin Malik ya kalubalaci Hajjaj bin Yusuf As-Sakafi akan cewa a wanke kafa a Al-wala amadadin shafa. Hakan ya tabbatar da Anas bin Malik shima shafar kafarsa ya ke a al-wala.
10433 - ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ : ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﺪﺓ ، ﻗﺎﻝ : ﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ، ﻋﻦ ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺡ ، ﻭﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ، ﻗﺎﻝ : ﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ، ﻗﺎﻝ : ﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ، ﻗﺎﻝ : ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻷﻧﺲ ﻭﻧﺤﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ : ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺰﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺝ ﺧﻄﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﻧﺤﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ، ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ ، ﻓﻘﺎﻝ : ﺇﻏﺴﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻳﺪﻳﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺀﻭﺳﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ ، ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺷﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﺒﺜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ، ﻓﺈﻏﺴﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﺍﻗﻴﺒﻬﻤﺎ . ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺲ : ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺝ ، ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ : ﻭﺇﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺀﻭﺳﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ : ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﺑﻠﻬﻤﺎ.
- ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﻱ - ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ - ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ : ( 6 ) - ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ : ( 175 ).
Ibn Maja ya tabbatar da cewa Ibn Abbas ya karyata duk wani hadisi da ya ce Annabi(saw) ya wanke kafarsa yake a Al-wala, sannan ya tabbatar da cewa; Annabi(saw) shafar kafarsa yake, kuma da haka Allah ya aiko mala'ika Jibril(as) da ayar Al-wala; ko da wasu mutane sun fandare:
- ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ : ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ، ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ : ﺇﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ، ﻋﻦ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ، ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ، ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ : ﺃﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﺇﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻨﻲ ، ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ( ﺹ ) ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ : ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ.
- ﺳﻨﻦ ﺇﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ - ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﻨﻨﻬﺎ - ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ - ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ : (451).
Umar bin Khattab ma ya yarda Annabi(saw) shafar kafarsa ya ke a Al-wala:
ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ، ﻭﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ 2 / 240.
Imam Fakhrud-din Razi a Tafsirul-Kabir ya ya kawo cikakken bayani akan cewa shafar kafa shine wajibi a Al-wala ba wankewa ba.
(Tafsirul-Kabir na Fakhrud-din Razi, karkashin tafsirin ayar Al-wala).
Ibn Taimiyyah ya tabbatar da cewa shafar kafa shine wajibi, ba wankewa ba; idan an karanta ﺃﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ da wasalin jarra (wasali kasa):
قال ابن تيمية:
...ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ (ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ) ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺗﺎﻥ: ﺍﻟﺨﻔﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ، ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺀﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﺐ، ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ: ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ، ﺃﻱ: ﻭﺍﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺀﻭﺳﻜﻢ، ﻭﺍﻏﺴﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﻴﻦ، ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺗﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻵﻳﺘﻴﻦ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ: ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻄﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺮﻭﺭ ، ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ: ﻭﺍﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺀﻭﺳﻜﻢ، ﻭﺍﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﻴﻦ...
- ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ: ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﻻﺗﺒﺎﻉ: ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﻠﻬﻤﺎ... - ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ. ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ: 1406 ﻫـ / 1986 ﻡ. ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ: ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ.
Kuma karantawa da wasali kasan, shine daidai, soboda ba Hikima, Balagah da tambatar ka'idojin Nahwu a karantawa da wasalin nasaba (wasali sama).
Ballema, Babban malamin Ahlus-Sunnah; Ibn Hazam Al-Andalusi yana cewa:
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ (ﻭﺍﻣﺴﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﻭﺀﺳﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺟﻠﻜﻢ) ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺮﺉ ﺑﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻄﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ
"Abinda zamu iya cewa akan shafar kafa shine; kamar yadda Qur'ani yazo dashi, koda an karanta ayar akan; Arjilakum Ko arjulakum (fataha ko jarra) duk ma'anar daya ce, tunda shafar kafa; adafi ce akan shafar kai".
(Muhalla Ibn Hazam, sifilina 3 shafi Na 44).
Kenan Idan muka duba ayar da aka saukar akan Al-wala duk yadda ka karanta to ma'anar daya ce. Ko kace ﺃﺭﺟﻠـِـﻜﻢ Ko kace ﺃﺭﺟﻠَـﻜﻢ Wannan bai sa wanke kafa ya zama wajibi ba; a al-wala ba (banbancin kisra ko rufua). Shafar kafa itace wajibi a al-wala.
Don haka duk wani hadisi da ya sabawa ayar Qur'ani; to 'magana jari' tafi shi kima. Ballema bincike da ilimin Masdalahul-hadis ya tabbatar da cewa; bawa wani ingantaccen hadisi da yace a wanke kafa a Al-wala amadadin shafa.
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Abdulrahman Murtala - abdulrahmanyj@gmail.com
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